Critical Evaluation of Assessment Practice in Enterprise Education

In this twenty-four hours and age, there is an interest for students to determine pioneering achievements which may help them run into work power and financial requests. This interest has been recorded by a few examination laborers. The capacity of the student has changed over the mature ages from independency and conscience adequacy to association. This change is seting larning foundations under power per unit region to deliver alumnuss who have non simply the perception, however close to the achievements required in assignment of possibilities, understanding business sector powers, commercializing new stocks and suggesting for them. This implies there is a turning interest for foundations to make appraisal designs that will help their understudies be effective in this amazingly competitory universe. This basic paper centers around examination design in try guidance. Numerous bookmans have composed articles and records about the interest to hold further examination design exploration to help with the inventive movement of evaluation plots that are student situated and which are up to the required models. The paper entitled â€Å" Assessment Practice in Enterprise Education † is created by Dr. Luke Pittaway[ 1 ]. It investigations the current contentions about evaluation design in Higher Education. The paper gives some top to bottom data about instructive examination on evaluation in guidance and how much this exploration impacts on business enterprise guidance. The assault of the article depends on exploring a few outcomes and foregrounding the capacities they play in aiding the cognizance for the varying grounds why individuals take part in try guidance. From that point, the paper applies the various outcomes to appraisal design. This utilization of results is finished by portraying a figure of point of convergence gatherings. The terminal outcomes dependent on various point of convergence bunches are introduced fitting to brings about various conceivable business enterprises and little concerns. The devotees is a basic rating of the paper. Article Summary Pittaway recognized diverse examination subjects in the nation of try guidance. The author took a gander at deliberate writing reappraisal to put these subjects. A portion of the subjects that the author found to run this nation are: Variables affecting the inclining of students to go enterprisers Changes in student adequacy brought around by guidance Institutional arrangements and Educating technique The essayist reprimanded the methodical writing reappraisal of non giving a lot of taking care of the issue of appraisal design in attempt guidance. Blending to him, â€Å" coded acclamation informations grew inductively from abstracts did non forefront the subject as of significant worry to the exploration network † . He proceeds to express that the exploration done on try guidance concentrates unreasonably much on the structure and execution of plans rather than evaluation design effectuality. In any case, each piece much as the author perceives the limitations of these exploration results, he other than concedes that there is scarcely any examination that has been done on the nation of evaluation design in grouped enterprise journals. Blending to him, this could be the ground why flow research on evaluation measures on attempt guidance has tiny to offer. Pittaway contends that this incident is shocking since he considers evaluation to be in effect extremely of import in scholastic example. He says that evaluation decides the nature of higher guidance and securing. He concurs with the individuals who state that modestly planned evaluation devices cause help to do clear viewpoints. He other than says that they are of import in the constitution of reasonable remaining burden and innovative movement of chances for students to direct themselves, design, practice and get input. Blending to Pittaway, the UK specialists authorities, for example, the Quality certainty Agency and the Higher Education Academy, that are liable for guaranting that guidance quality is kept up, for the most part put a group of emphasize of appraisal design. They for the most part center around examination design in order to ensure that rating is strong. Focusing on evaluation design other than empowers the agencies to secure instructive models. They other than use it as an office of larning each piece great as student criticism. Pittaway sees that despite the fact that evaluation design is immensely of import, it has been deserted in many learning foundations and it is educated as a point in try guidance. He tends to this incident by estimating grouped proclamations and positions given in research on a few evaluation designs. He other than gives a portion of the built up pioneering brings about undertaking related guidance. The outcomes that he centers around are those that have been created by the UK National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship. At the terminal of the paper, Pittaway draws together a portion of the classs of evaluation and clarifies how they can be utilized to all the more likely undertaking guidance. Cardinal Subjects: Arguments and Discussions Pittaway states that as a subject, examination is somewhat wide and it incorporates a few signifiers of appraisal design in higher guidance. He records these appraisal design signifiers as: Institutional examination Instructor evaluation Understudy examination He centers around student evaluation, which he says has inspired concern predominantly because of expanding power per unit zone from scholastic departments and specialists natural structures which are hoping to follow up on, upgrade and step open introduction of foundations. Be that as it may, he considers appraisal design as an extremely of import feature of instructive example for its implicit capacity in estimating the nexus between the existent achievement of understudies and the ideal or anticipated instructive outcomes. He proceeds to express that the nexus among examination and instructive outcomes is truly close. He says that the arrangement of evaluation utilized has the conceivable to drive student conduct and in the long count, influence their learning experience. Pittaway centers around contentions and proclamations which spin around political and instructive concerns. One of these instructive concerns depends on how appraisal designs sway on the securing technique. This worry looks to see how and how much examination can have the option to help larning to occur. Numerous foundations in the state have placed in topographic point examination strategies that have a reasonable collusion with expected larning results each piece great as the discernment and achievements that understudies are instructed. Pittaway sees the inadequacy of a reasonable partnership between larning results, larning possibilities and suitable examination designs as a significant activity ( Pittaway, 7 ) . He says that this partnership has non been each piece acceptable idea through as it ought to be. Another activity that Pittaway brings up in the bing examination endeavors is the inadequacy of a profound method. He says that the bing evaluation designs energize surface obtaining at the disbursal of profound procurement which as a rule has the conceivable to empower an understudy expansion innovative achievements that he can use along these lines throughout everyday life. He says that â€Å" a significant number of our evaluation forms empower surface larning guiding students to play the framework rather than advancing profound procurement † . Standards for Effective Assessment Practice Pittaway gives the undermentioned standards for proficient examination design in big business guidance: The examination example ought to be reliable, legitimate and predictable The total of evaluation ought to be suitable The plan or ground for examination ought to be unmistakably characterized the gauges utilized in evaluation ought to be communicated, understandable and straightforward all signifiers of examination apparatuses should be founded on appropriate anxiety of student procurement methods examination must suit the distinctions displayed by single understudies examination examples should give space for students to have criticism examination must empower understudy and teachers to ponder their obtaining and example in the end, the evaluation strategy utilized in a foundation should be a worked in segment of class plan Dependability, worth and consistency are a portion of the characteristics that any scholarly evaluation plan should hold. The evaluation example ought to be trustworthy in that it ought to be pertinent to wide extent of class nations. An important examination design implies that it can increase the enterprising capablenesss of researchers. The evaluation undertaking requests to be suitable to a researcher ‘s condition. The undertaking evaluation ought to be identified with what the student has realized in his innovative guidance and it ought to other than mirror such an enterprising examples that are utilized in a specific part. Numerous instructors do non unmistakably indicate their examination plans. This is the thing that prompts ambiguous examinations which end up non helping the understudies by any stretch of the imagination. To keep away from such a situation, there is request to obviously determine larning brings about enterprise evaluation designs. Instructors need to accept significantly about the evaluation apparatuses to use in attempt guidance. This will do anxiety of evaluation principles extremely simple and comprehensible. At the point when instructors comprehend the understudy ‘s obtaining techniques, so it is other than simple to make appraisal designs that are esteem included. In planing proficient examination designs, there is have to comprehend an understudy ‘s alone requests. There is no reason for planing examination plans which do non mirror the requests of every single student. At the point when the single requests of researchers are considered in the structure of evaluation in innovative guidance and examination, so appraisal proficiency is conceivable. A proficient examination example should allow an understudy to have input. Criticism is of import as it empowers the understudy to actually appraise how great he

Kolb Model

Goodbye Motors’ Singur Case (Nano Controversy) Introduction I have taken the case on Tata Motors Ltd. The case was about on the Tata Nano Singur Controversy. This discussion alludes to the Tata’s Nano Factory at Singur in Hooghly region in West Bengal, India. Since Tata Motors Started developing the plant over yonder in Singur, the little spot comes into the media around the world. Goodbye Motors turned over this plant to make 25000 vehicles right off the bat. The plans of Tata Motors were that Nano will come out from the plant by 2008 for revealing the streets. Goodbye Motors Ltd. s the biggest Indian car organization having the incomes of USD 20 billion out of 2009-10. Goodbye Motors is the pioneer in the assembling of business vehicles. It is among the main three in the traveler vehicle and furthermore in mid vehicle section. The association remains at number four in truck producing worldwide and remains at number two in transport fabricating. The complete workforce of Tata Motors overall is close around 24000 representatives. Goodbye Motors set up in 1945, Tata Motors is available over the India and even worldwide as they have procured the two brands of Ford Motors.The complete amount of the vehicles which turning out on Indian streets by Tata Motors are close around 6 million. The organization has its assembling units the whole way across the India I. e. Jamshedpur, Pune, Lucknow, Pantnagar and Karnataka. In 2005, Tata Motors set the collusion with Fiat Motors at Ranjangaon, Maharashtra to create bith Fiat and Tata vehicles. The organization is additionally building up the new assembling unit at Sanand( Gujrat). The organization has a decent vendor arrange in India. Dynamic The contention of Tata Motors was because of Land Acquisition at Singur for its Nano Project 4 years back. The Tata Motors have the fantasy to run a Rs. lakh vehicle on Indian streets. In 2006, the CM of West Bengal Mr. Bhuddadeb Bhattacharjee’s vision was to make t he West Bengal an industrialized state with the goal that it can contrast with different states in India in industrialization. As the land in Singur was not all that productive, so the administration had chosen to offer it to Tata Motors for the Nano Project, with the goal that the state will receive advantage in return. In any case, the resistance had the persistently eye on this issue, they don't need that the poor farmers’ land will be taken from them under the administration tension. The political elements come into the image against this task at Singur.The resistance was playing with the feelings of the ranchers. The resistance put the contentions that the land is rare asset in the West Bengal. The restriction doesn't need that the task will begin here and it will wind up at its planned time. The resistance got effective in its activities for the Tata Motors lastly Supreme Court asked the Ratan Tata to toss out their plant from the Singur. The fundamental individual behi nd this was Ms. Mamta Benerjee, she was fanning the fire consistently at the hour of issue. In this way, toward the end Tata Motors have halted its tasks and proceeded to the spot in Gujrat. Near AnalysisThe similar examination can be characterized regarding issues of the case and their profundity investigation from the perspective of partners. It very well may be clarify regarding some outside powers which assume significant job in this issue as given beneath: First of all for this situation, lawful viewpoints in the land procurement by Tata at Singur come into the play. Because of globalization, the greater part of the creating nations need to have the move from import replacement based system for the land securing. SEZ I. e. extraordinary financial zones are the topographical districts which have the monetary laws more liberal than the monetary laws in the entire country.By offering the all these advantaged terms from the SEZ to the organization, it will draw in the speculation f rom the speculators, outside trade, support the work and improving the foundation offices which will help in the development of the specific area. A similar explanation was here for the situation too. Goodbye need to improve the industrialization in the West Bengal however their Nano Project. As the Nano venture will be valuable for the two gatherings, Tata will get the ideal spot for the assembling of the Nano and West Bengal will likewise benefited.In this case, the fundamental issue was that Industry, government and farming comes at the junction. There are such a large number of suggestions for the outside variables which come into this image. As CPI had won the political decision for the seventh sequential time in West Bengal, CM Buddhadeb Bhattacharjee has the vision to make the West Bengal an industrialized state which will assist the individuals with upgrading their guidelines. CM was upbeat that administration has suggested the Singur for the Nano Plant. As Ratan Tata was se arching for where he would ready to control the expense and spot would be modest with the goal that he can give the individuals the vehicle of worth Rs. lakh. Along these lines, Ratan Tata acknowledges the proposition from the West Bengal government in light of the fact that at Singur the expense of its activity would be less and Tata will receive profited in return. The measurable information of Hooghly locale on Singur square is that 83% of the land is inundated and crop thickness is 220%. The landholders in the Singur were exceptionally little. All have the land in the little extents. There are an enormous number of vagrant specialists over yonder; it infers that Tata would get the modest and simple work over yonder in the Singur.On May 18, 2006, there was the declaration by the West Bengal government for the start of the undertaking at Singur. Ratan Tata guarantee to finish the venture in 2 years. The entire task was spread into 2 sections, one section having the place where the re is 700 sections of land and another piece of 300 sections of land which was saved for the subordinate creation for the venture. The task has made the 10,000 immediate and aberrant employments over yonder in Singur. On Jun 19th2006, Tata got a notice from the administration under the segment 9(1) of land Acquisition Act of 1894 to the influenced ranchers because of this project.The Act referenced that the land gained by Tata should have been taken by the administration/government experts for the open purposes, business age and financial improvement of the state. After some time on Jul 27, 2006 the state government sets the a half year cutoff time for obtaining the land. After that this land procurement got tested by the Kolkata High Court. A few people in the Singur got their checks for the remuneration from the legislature as they challenge the administration for the checks. After that there is state wide savagery in the Singur began.The checking fighting beginnings in the Singur . Ms. Mamta Banerjee started to lead the pack for the resistance of the undertaking. On 22th Jan, 2007 there were close about the 1000 gatekeepers masterminded Tata Motors’ plant to spare it from the fighting individuals upon the arrival of Bhoomi Pujan. There are the individuals from the all pieces of the general public come in the Singur to fight this development. On fourth Feb’07, HC gave a prohibitory request under the area 144 Cr at Singur and report that it was the main utilization of intensity and absurd confined practices by the administration authorities.After a few days, the legislature requested the record an oath which will show all the subtleties for the lawfulness of the land obtaining by the Tata Motors at Singur. Here comes the issue whether land obtain however under the two diverse segment of land securing act 1894, it got coordinated towards the ranchers who get the pay from the administration. Subsequent to meddling with government, at last Tata got the endorsement for the plant on March, 07. The legislature consented to an arrangement to rent the 949. 5 sections of land to the Tata Motors for 90 years.After some time, government felt that a supporter committed a few errors and a similar case got documented once more, government found that lone 30% of the ranchers marked enthusiastically but others don't need. The state government conceded that Till April 25, 07 just Rs. 90. 35 crores have conveyed and rest the individuals are left undistributed the cash where as their property had just procured. In the in the interim the Nano got disclosed in Delhi’s pragati Maidan on Jan10, 08. On Jan 18, 10, Calcutta High Court fixed the land obtaining in Singur and requested that the Tata reveal the Nano without finishing the project.The Chief Justice excuse the all the 11petitions recorded by the Tata. Goodbye has not paid the individuals which are CPI(M) bolstered. Presently there are cpnditions got basic and Ratan Tata choose to r eveal the undertaking from the Singur on Oct 3, 08 because of stressed over the security worry of the Mangers and their families over yonder. Suggestions on Stakeholders The partner impacts the case a ton from the perspective of their better place in the association. The ramifications of the considerable number of partners are given beneath: Tatas Prospective Investors Ancillary Units Competitor to Nano Farmers Stakeholders WB Government EmployeesMamta Banarjee Different Stakeholder Values The essential partners for the Tata venture were Tatas, legislature of west Bengal and ranchers. The administration assumes a basic job in pulling out the task by Tatas. Mamta Banerjee played with the feelings of the Farmers by making them touched off for the resistance of this venture. Each partner thinks from its imminent of getting the advantage out of this issue. Discussing the ranchers, as they right off the bat convinced for the land obtaining however they were contradicting it in light of t he fact that because of increment in the land costs as they are requesting now the significant expenses for their land.As the West Bengal is a farming state, there is an absence of industrialization in the West Bengal. The issue was taken up by the restriction because of this factor too. The primary pretended by the Mamata Banerjee by taking the assistance of political and government issues which are absolutely outside, couldn't ready to deal with by Tatas. The detailing of Tata-Singur case is a lot of unsure. There are as well

The Way of Financial Capability Is Through Financial Literacy

The method of Financial Capability is through money related proficiency: Indian and Global Scenario Asst. Prof. Prajakta Joshi N-12, Maurya Vihar, Near Sahajanand Society, Kothrud, Pune - 38 Email †[emailâ protected] co. in Contact no. †9371207428 The method of Financial Capability is through money related education: Indian and Global Scenario Abstract In each phase of life individuals face difficulties to take certain budgetary choices. Budgetary absence of education is failure to settle on educated decisions and successful choices in regards to the utilization and the board of cash and riches which influences their family and society at large.It is most extreme significant for a nation to make strides for monetary proficiency so as to improve the standard of society and economy of the country. Money related proficiency is the arrangement of abilities and information that permits a person to take fitting monetary choices. The target of the examination is to comprehend mon etary education and its significance. It additionally plans to comprehend the current monetary education activities that are occurring in India and different pieces of the world.Financial proficiency is progressively significant in nation like India where enormous lump of populace is uneducated subsequently they don't have simple access to formal money related set up. This populace has absence of information about money related arranging. The Indian government has demanding the requirement for budgetary proficiency and creating certainty among individuals who consumed their fingers by taking incorrectly choices. The advancement of money related education in creating nations is auspicious and can be a success win circumstance for needy individuals and monetary specialist organizations alike..Financial proficiency abilities can be applied wherever viz. dealing with a wide scope of individual, family unit, business, and network assets. The powerful money related proficiency is the best apparatus to assist the general public with dealing with future needs just as to manage possibilities. Catchphrases: money related proficiency, monetary training, budgetary projects, monetary arranging Introduction: Financial choices can be thorough assignment. Settling on monetary decisions by contrasting investment funds or obtaining alternatives and diverse financing costs and term structures can cause a specific degree of discomfort.Sometimes a learned individual may need to depend on number crunchers or spreadsheets to settle on really educated choices. Speculation choice includes some measure of hazard; thus the quantity of speculators are less when contrasted with the rate at which advertises in India are developing. Individuals waver to contribute because of absence of mindfulness and legitimate information on budgetary administrations accessible in advertise. This vulnerability is because of absence of data and comprehension of venture fundamentals. Making educated financi al specialist is the significant test for steady development of Indian economy.Investments might be as fixed store, land, gold, common reserve, bond and offers. According to Indian situation individuals are least intrigued by venture is share showcase because of absence of information. Just 1% of Indian populace is dynamic speculator in capital market. Legislature of India has just found a way to build the mindfulness and information on the populace through different financial specialist instruction programs. Money related proficiency programs that show people how to spend spare and financial plan responsibly.These activities should reach to the root level of Indian populace. The mindfulness should spread among the ranchers that comprise of 70% of Indian economy. Objective: 1. To comprehend the money related proficiency and its significance. 2. To find out about the Initiatives for Financial Literacy in the worldwide setting. 3. To contemplate the endeavors taken by different organi zations for Financial Literacy in India. Writing Review: Lusardi and Mitche (2006, 2007), have led fundamental monetary proficiency test for both U. S. nd different nations and their examination shows that numerous grown-ups don't comprehend the distinction among compound and basic intrigue; the qualities of money related resources, for example, stocks and securities; the advantages of portfolio expansion; or the significant highlights of their own home loans, Social Security and annuity plans. Lusardi and Tufano( 2009), (van Rooij, Lusardi, and Alessie 2007), (Hastings and Tejeda-Ashton 2008) found that individuals with low budgetary proficiency are bound to have issues with obligation, more averse to partake in the securities exchange and common funds.Previous explore has discovered that money related education can have significant ramifications for monetary conduct. Ajay Tankha, Development advisor of Sa-dhan, a self improvement gathering led concentrate in India identified with monetary proficiency and showed that about 96% of the populace the nation over felt that they would not get by for over one year if there is lost salary. Worthington, AC, Predicting monetary proficiency in Australia, Financial Services Review, 15(1), Spring 2006, 59-79, utilized Logit models to anticipate money related proficiency utilizing the 2003 ANZ Survey of Adult Financial Literacy in Australia.Factors analyzed incorporate sexual orientation, age, ethnicity, occupation, instruction, pay, investment funds and obligation. The outcome shows Financial education is most noteworthy for people matured somewhere in the range of 50 and 60 years. Proficiency is least for the jobless, females, and those from a non-English talking foundation with a low degree of training. Research Methodology: The examination paper depends on graphic investigation. The auxiliary information sources are : 1. Sites 2. World financial discussion report 3. Books 4. Diaries Conceptual foundation: Definition of Financial Literacy:Financial Literacy is the information and capacity of a person to bring in educated and powerful cash the board choice. Money related proficiency can be accomplished when an individual creates budgetary information and expertise alongside access to monetary administrations, government approach, budgetary instruments and updates in charge structure. Money related literacyâ€the capacity to process budgetary data and settle on educated choices about close to home financeâ€has got developing consideration in the created world, and as of late, in the creating scene, as a possibly significant determinant of family unit well-being.The term monetary proficiency is utilized frequently however many don't genuinely comprehend the definition. As Stone (2004) states, â€Å"financial proficiency is the capacity to peruse, investigate, oversee and convey about the individual money related conditions influencing material well being† (p. 1). The idea of monetary prof iciency mulls over the capacity to adjust your check book or having the option to peruse your fiscal reports. A superior educated resident can be increasingly reasonable in arranging his own fund subsequently helps in fortifying the country’s economy.It is significant that individuals ought to precisely see their own financial choice Therefore there ought to be considerable commitment from legislature of India and other non-government associations. Significance of money related education: as of late, budgetary proficiency has picked up the consideration of a wide scope of significant financial organizations, government offices, grass-roots buyer and network premium gatherings, and other organizations.Interested gatherings, including policymakers, are worried that shoppers come up short on a working information on monetary ideas and don't have the devices they have to settle on choices generally profitable to their financial prosperity. Such budgetary proficiency insufficienci es can influence a person's or family's everyday cash the board and capacity to put something aside for long haul objectives, for example, purchasing a home, looking for advanced education, or financing retirement. Incapable cash the board can likewise bring about practices that make shoppers helpless against serious budgetary crises.Financial proficiency permits individuals to increment and better deal with their profit †and in this way better oversee life occasions like instruction, ailment, work misfortune or retirement. It likewise advances comprehension and acknowledgment of significant political changes, for example, human services or benefits changes. While the importance of budgetary proficiency has not yet been completely explained and perceived by the worldwide advancement network †or by strategy producers and experts in creating nations †measures to advance and improve money related instruction are turning out to be more frequent.The suppliers of monetary e ducation programs are a differing bunch that incorporates bosses, the military, state helpful expansion administrations, junior colleges, religious gatherings, and network based associations. Business banks are additionally significant suppliers of monetary proficiency instruction. Everything except two of the forty-eight retail banks reacting to an ongoing overview by the Consumer Bankers Association revealed adding to money related education endeavors in some way.Many banks consider their commitment around there an approach to grow their client base and advance altruism, and such exercises are frequently given good thought in assessments for consistence with the Community Reinvestment Act. Global Scenario of Financial education: The improvement in clinical and innovation field brings about increment in future, anyway the individual ought to likewise be continue monetarily till he alive. Monetary education has become a massively famous segment of money related change over the world to hold and increment the pay for future survival.USA: Financial proficiency advancement was begun from the get-go in 1908 in United State of America, Edward A. Filene built up American credit association development to advance money related education in type of pamphlets. .A few governments have dedicated endeavors to improve money related proficiency. In USA many state governments require secondary school understudies to take monetary instruction courses; the primary such prerequisite produced results in Nevada in 1957. CNN Money has a remarkable outline of fundamental individual account points called Money 101. Every one of the 23 points incorporates a few pages of data, and huge numbers of the subjects incorporate an interac

The Addams Family - Free Essay Example

I recently had the joy of seeing the Addams Family play at the Candlelight Pavilion theater in Claremont, California. The play had humor, romance and mystery that kept the audience watching on the edge of their seats. I have gone to this theater before to watch plays when I was younger and when I found out they were doing the Addams Family, one of my favorite shows growing up I had to go. The story follows the Addams Family’s only daughter, Wednesday Addams, who falls in love with a boy she knows her family won’t approve of and his won’t approve of hers. Wednesday is a girl of darkness and her boyfriend Lucas comes from a â€Å"normal† family. The young couple is secretly engaged and only Gomez, Wednesday’s dad, knows of the truth. They know if her mom, Morticia, were to find out she would freak out and feel betrayed. Gomez struggles to keep the secret from his loving wife of 25 years because he has never kept any secrets from her before. The play space took place on a gorgeous proscenium stage that was perfect for this type of play. This view was valuable for this story especially because there could be about 6-20 people on stage at a time. So, with this stage setup it made it easier to keep your view in the same direction rather than having to try to keep up with the cast. I sat on the terrace and had an incredible view and I walked down to the first floor where the view was just as good. The director interpreted the play quite well, but at times the play came off as cheesy. It would falter from the seriousness and throw in a corny joke. The director, Chuck Ketter, did an impressive job with Uncle Fester’s cherished full moon glowing bright above and the Addams’ mansion in Central Park looking majestic with a pair of parallel Victorian-era staircases. The costumes, lighting and sound were dependable, and the costumes were practically exact to those of the TV show back in the 90’s. The two actresses that really made this play come to life would have to be Amanda Minano who plays Wednesday Addams and the exquisite Erica Marie Weisz who portrays Mortricia Addams, Wednesday’s mother. The Addams family cast really brought the fact to life that they are bizarre and do not care what anyone else thinks about them because they are proud in who they are. Mortricia is graceful and moving during her performance of â€Å"Just Around the Corner,† which finishes in a tap sequence and a literal dance with Death. Amanda Minano does a perfect representation or her character by captivating the audience with her darkness while having a soft spot for fiancà ©, Lucas. All the actors worked in sync and connected with each other as well as the audience. The clothing, hair, and make up told you who the characters were and how their family blended together so well. The Addams family had elegant and dark costumes just as they should along with their make up transforming the actors into their characters. Wednesday has her black dress with dark eye circles along with her awkward stance and two black braided pigtails. The black formfitting costumes created by Merrill Grady and Linda Vick, give the impression that this freaky family is well tailored and fancy. In addition, the wigs by Michon Gruber-Gonzales help to not only identify who the characters are but also give the fascinating aura of mystery that is so intriguing of the family. Even if you have a horrible imagination, this set design will be able to trick you into thinking it is the real thing. The set was amazing and looked like the image of the play was built right in front of you. The tone and style of this play was perfectly made through the set and showed how dark and deadly the Addams property was. The locale mainly took part in the dining room, but there were some parts where we were taken to the graveyard and forest just outside the family mansion. At night the moon would come out in view which Uncle Fester was infatuated with, and we could understand why. There was a scene when Uncle Fester (played by Greg Nicholas) sings his version of â€Å"The Moon and Me,† where we see him gravitate toward the celestial body, as his lower limbs take on the shape of flaccid but stretchy puppet limbs that do a lot of choreography one normally wouldn’t be able to do. The Props were also a factor in helping our imagination take flight throughout the musical. Wednesday always brings her crossbow wherever she goes, and, in a scene, she uses her crossbow to shoot some bats which string puppets from were above and was a prop but knocked down one of the bats (which was just the puppeteer loosening his reigns on the bat). In the grave yard there was tombstones of course along with a tomb and smoke for the creepy effect of the dark night. Lighting helped provide the shape and forms of the characters like with Mortricia she was a tall, curvy, and powerful character as well as being a loving mother. The illumination of the lighting helped to provide on the characters during their solo songs or even in serious scenes when they were the focus. When there were sad scenes there tended to be a hint of blue lighting which displayed that the mood of the scene was somber. The entire play was set in the night time, so we never saw daylight only moonlight and some dark and scary places like the graveyard. The lighting helped the set come to life also because we could see what time of the day and what type of mood we were watching. In conclusion, this play was a wonderful play for the entire family and although dark, is appropriate for younger audience viewers. This play has songs that will have the whole family clapping and singing along while the cast delivers an extraordinary performance and out do themselves. The â€Å"Addams family† Musical is another incredible show put on by the Candlelight theater with something in it for everyone and whether you are 9 or 59 years old, you will be able to enjoy. I highly recommend this production because under the appearance of dark comedy and the odd jokes, there is the uplifting concept.

Capital Structure in Finance - 1782 Words

The term capital structure in finance is the way a corporation finances its assets through the use of equity, debt, or hybrid securities (Ehrhardt Brigham, 2009). While equity and debt have long since been well known economic terms, hybrid securities is a relatively new concept. It essentially combines debt and equity and pays a set rate of return or dividend until a preset date, when the owner has a few options such as converting the securities into shares (Wikipedia). Capital structure is then simply the proportion of the corporations liabilities. For example, if a corporation has $2 billion dollars in equity and $8 billion dollars in debt, the ratio of debt to total financing is 80%, which also means it is 80% leveraged. In reality, there is not only two numbers, but there is a great deal of sources of the debt and equity which yields to the ratio of leverage. Another concept to consider is gearing ratio which refers to the percentage of capital the company uses from outside sour ces other than the companys own revenue, for example by short term business loans. The Modigliani-Miller theorem, which was created by Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller, was essentially the conceptual framework of modern capital structure. Unfortunately, the theorem relies heavily on disregarding many real life variables, however this does not distract from the main point of the theorem. Basically, the Modigliani-Miller theorem states that in a perfect world the modalities in which aShow MoreRelatedOptimal Capital Structure and Stock Price835 Words   |  3 Pages To put it simple way, first we have to understand optimal capital structure is maximizes a firm’s stock price, and the target capital structure is mix of the debt, preferred stock, and common equity the firm wants to have (Eugene and Joel 2009). 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Causes and Effects of the War of 1812 - 1527 Words

Causes and Effects of The War of 1812 The nineteenth century brought major change to The United States turning it from a developing country into a world power. The addition of Alaska, Oregon, Texas, and Florida, the Mexican Cession and The Louisiana Purchase made The United States a world power. The War of 1812 catalyzed this great expansion. There were four main concerns that led to The War of 1812. Maritime and trade issues, the Embargo Act, territorial expansion, and War Hawks. Although they were major concerns, one alone did not start up the war. â€Å"On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war against Great Britain. In what is often called Americas second revolution, the countries were locked in a series of battles for more than†¦show more content†¦In a battle outside of Prophet’s town of Tippecanoe River, Prophet foolishly decided to attack American militiamen while they were sleeping. The town was torched in the battle that followed, and years of planning and organization was wasted. After this incident in June 1812, Tecumseh and a small company of Native Americans joined the British at Amherstburg. During the war, American’s called for an invasion of Canada mainly because the support the British gave to American Indians. In the Battle of Thames, Tecumseh died and an American victory is gained. The War Hawks were a number of young representatives voted into the twelfth congress. They were typically people from southern and western states like Henry Clay, Speaker of the House at the time, John Calhoun of Kentucky and Langdon Cheves of South Carolina who spoke in Congress advocating going to war with Great Britain. They believed it was our right to expansion, and declared that a thousand Kentucky riflemen could take on Canada alone. They expected the war to be short, considering the British were in Europe fighting Napoleon. 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Also referred to as the â€Å"Second War of Independence,† the cause of this military conflict is often believed to be a direct result of England’s attempt to humiliate the United States, limit the country’s growth and impact (acts of interference towards American trade, which is a sign of disrespect towards American independence), and acts of impr essment (taking sailors off American vessels

Rana Plaza overview - Clean Clothes Campaign free essay sample

Rana Plaza, the collapsed eight-story commercial building located in Dhakas outskirt Savar, which housed several shops, a bank and garment factories, is the painful symbol of the grave tragedy encountered by garment workers.On 23 April 2013 large structural cracks were discovered in the Rana Plaza building. The shops and the bank on the lower floors immediately closed. But warnings to avoid using the building after the cracks appeared were ignored by the garment factory owners on the upper floors.Garment workers were ordered to return to work the following day. Due to management pressure, on Wednesday 24 April thousands of workers went to work again at their garment factories located in the cracked Rana Plaza building. Only hours later the entire building collapsed. Including rescue workers, 1138 workers were killed. Nearly 2600 workers were injured, many of them for the rest of their life. Many of the survivors had been trapped under tons of rubble and machinery for hours or even days before they could be rescued, sometimes only by amputating limbs. We will write a custom essay sample on Rana Plaza overview Clean Clothes Campaign or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This gruesome tragedy has devastated the lives of thousands of workers and of the families of the deceased and injured. Their sufferings are horrific and require immediate and long-term medical care and compensation.The deceased and injured workers in the Rana Plaza tragedy were producing garments for North American and European high street brands when their factories collapsed. A number of brands have acknowledged recent production or orders with these factories. Brands that were sourcing from the factories in Rana Plaza building include Benetton (Italy), Bon Marche (UK), Cato Fashions (USA), The Childrens Place (USA), El Corte Ingles (Spain), Joe Fresh (Loblaws, Canada), Kik (Germany), Mango (Spain), Matalan (UK), Primark (UK/Ireland) and Texman (Denmark).The unprecedented scale of the Rana Plaza and previous tragedies including the fire in the Tazreen factory underlined the need for a coordinated, systematic approach to ensure fire and building safety in the Bangladesh garment industry.In May 2013 the Accord on Fire and Building Safety in Bangladesh was published and subsequently signed by over 150 companies. Factory inspections have started and the first renovation plans have been published. Also, Rana Plaza victims are to receive compensation under the Rana Plaza Arrangement.The Arrangement is an unprecedented coordinated approach to ensure all those wh o have suffered due to the collapse will receive payments to cover the loss of income and medical costs. However, many implicated companies still need to pay up to the Arrangements Donor Trust Fund. In 2014, CCC and its allies are demanding that brands pay their long overdue contributions. Meanwhile, engaging with trade unions in Bangladesh is the fundamental and first step to ensure safety for the workers in the garment industry.

Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of forbidden love Essay Example

Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of forbidden love Paper Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of forbidden love. The whole play from Romeo and Juliet meeting, falling in love, marriage and tragic end, all happens within five days. It is a story of intense love and all consuming hatred between two families. The two families involved, the Montagues and the Capulets, despise each other. Romeo, a Montague and Juliet, a Capulet, meet at a feast and instantly fall in love. However due to the hatred between the two families we know at the beginning that their relationship is doomed and that the love story will not have a happy ending. Act three scene five is the basis of the story. It is during this act that Romeo and Juliet meet, so intense is their attraction to each other that they secretly marry the next day. The marriage alone would cause enough trouble but the situation is made worse when Tybalt, a Capulet and Juliets cousin murders Romeos best friend Mercutio (a Montague) Romeo takes revenge and murders Tybalt, He is caught and banished. Juliet does not know at this stage that it is her husband who has killed her cousin. We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of forbidden love specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of forbidden love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Romeo and Juliet is a tragic story of forbidden love specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer During this scene Juliets parents have been arranging her marriage to the County Paris. Juliet is unaware of this, as are her parents unaware of her marriage to Romeo. The scene is set in Juliets bedroom where she is weeping. Lady Capulet presumes her tears are for her dead cousin and informs Juliet that the murderer is known to be Romeo. Juliet is even more upset by this news. The words spoken by Juliet during this scene all have double meanings for example Oh how my heart abhors to hear him named and cannot come to him, to wreak the love I bore my cousin upon his body that hath slaughtered him! The real meaning being that she wants to be able to love and comfort Romeo and be with him in his hour of need. Lady Capulet delivers the news of the forthcoming marriage Marry, my child early next Thursday morn, that has been arranged for Juliet the coming Thursday, expecting Juliet to be delighted and lifted from her sad mood. During this scene Lady Capulet would be happy and excited bestowing such an honour upon her daughter her demeanour would be softer and favourable towards her daughter. Shall happily make thee there a joyful bride Juliet is absolutely horrified by the news he shall not make me there a joyful bride. I wonder at this haste, that I must wed she tells her mother that she is too young and is too upset following her cousins death to contemplate marriage. Juliet is stalling here, as she needs more time to sort out the dreadful position she finds herself in, she refuses to marry. Again delivering lines that have double meanings, I will not marry yet, and when I do, I swear it shall be Romeo, whom you know I hate, rather than Paris This is a good example of double irony as the audience will know that she would rather be married to Romeo where as her mother would believe the opposite. Capulet appears on the scene and is initially the caring Father, he is sympathetic of his daughters grief, as he is unaware of the truth behind it, but for the sunset of my brothers son it rains downright. How now, a conduit, girl? What, still in tears? He also believes his daughter will be overjoyed at the news of her marriage as he sees it as a great honour and a tremendous opportunity for her for which she should be grateful. After Juliets mother washes her hands of her she turns to the nurse expecting comfort, as the nurse is the only person who knows the truth of the situation with Romeo. However the nurse also turns and tells Juliet to marry the county Paris. She insults Romeo comparing him unfavourably with the county Paris. Romeos a dishclout to him. An eagle, Madame, hath not so green, so quick, so fair an eye as Paris hath. She is disappointed with the nurses words and feels betrayed by her, as the nurse knows how much she loves Romeo and how unhappy she would be to marry Paris. I feel the nurse is thinking of whats best for Juliet knowing that Romeo is as good as dead because if Romeo was to return he would surely be killed but she is also thinking of her self and whats best for herself, her own position, if she sided with Romeo she would also be banished and loose her place in the capulet house hold. Marriages during Elizabethan high class families were more often than not arranged by the parents, mainly as business deals to keep wealth, land and power within certain families. The audience of this era would not be shocked by this story line, as it was normal for their time. A modern day audience would find this shocking and unfair as in todays society we are free to choose who we marry and do not need our parents consent once we reach the age of sixteen. Most marriages today are based on love not business. The Elizabethan audience would be more shocked by Juliet disobeying her parents and that she would have the courage to marry Romeo without their knowledge or consent. Females of this period were subordinate and should not have a mind of their own let alone act of their own free will. Today we would admire her courage and applaud her for standing by her beliefs. Women today have equal rights to men and are free to make their own decisions. It would be normal practise today to meet and marry a person we fell in love with without obtaining permission from our Fathers. When Lady Capulet tells her husband that Juliet has refused the marriage his whole persona changes as has hers. Capulet becomes very angry and feels let down, how, will she none? Doth she not give us thanks? Is she not proud? Doth she not count her blest, he is shocked that his daughter would dare to go against his wishes and turn down the honour of such a good match.unworthy as she is, that we have wrought so worthy a gentleman to be her bride? He also sees that this will cause him immense embarrassment as he should be able to control his daughter and in not doing so will look weak. During this scene I think that Juliet should be dressed in a white night gown, with her long hair hanging down. This would make her look young and innocent. She should be sitting on the bed with her shoulders slumped and hands entwined, this would give an image of vulnerability so getting the sympathy of the audience. Her Father should be dressed in dark clothes, looming above her, thus making her look small and frightened again evoking sympathy. He should then begin pacing the room throwing his arms around and shouting. How how, how how, chopt-logic? What is this? Proud, and I thank you, and I thank you not and yet not proud, mistress minion you? This would make him seem foreboding and the audience would begin to dislike him and side even more with Juliet. Lady Capulet would add to this image if she to were dressed in severe clothing and stood with a severe look on her face condemning her daughter in a disappointed and angry voice that she is not exited about the marriage ay, sir, but she will none, she gives you thanks. I would the fool were married to her grave. The audience would feel that Juliet was overpowered by her domineering parents, and want her to be the victor. Once Capulet and Lady capulet have left the nurse should sit beside Juliet on the bed the audience would see this as a sign of comfort to Juliet. Juliet is looking for sympathy comfort me, council me. Because she expects it because the nurse is the only one who knows Juliets true thoughts and feelings. The nurse isnt showing much comfort to the way Juliet feels completely the opposite she tells Juliet to forget Romeo Romeo is banished, and the world to nothing that he dares neer come back to challenge you; or if he do, it needs must be by stealth. Juliet feels alone thinking that the nurse was on her side and that she could confide in the nurse at this point in the scene the nurse goes to put her arm around Juliet to reassure her its for the best but Juliet disagrees and should stand to her feet and move away and sit at her dressing table this would show she feels forsaken she should stare at her reflection sticking to her own opinion so many thousand times? Go, counsellor, thou and my bosom henceforth shall be twain. Ill to the Frair to know his remedy; if all else fail, myself have power to dies. I feel that when Shakespeare wrote this play that he told us of the pending tragedy at the beginning of the story to make us sympathise with Romeo and Juliet throughout the play. It makes the audience want things to work out for them even though they know the relationship is doomed. We find ourselves looking for someone to blame throughout the play although I felt it was easier to blame the era rather than one particular character. As for Shakespeare believing in arranged marriages; I think he didnt, reason being it is shown throughout Romeo and Juliet how arranged marriages dont work and make bad things happen. In this case Juliet runs away.

Teaching ICT at School Reasons, Concerns and Solutions

Teaching ICT at School Reasons, Concerns and Solutions Abstract Purpose Over the past few years, the significance of information and computer technologies has multiplied several times. New media has opened a pool of opportunities in every single field, increasing the pace of globalization and contributing to business development.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Teaching ICT at School: Reasons, Concerns and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Methods The given study is going to provide the themes that should be taught in ICT classes in schools so that students could be able to use the latest technologies to their advantage in studying, learn about the mechanism of their cognitive process and become lifelong learners. Results The introduction of the ICT principles into the education system will help teachers acquire new skills more efficiently. In the course of the research, an overview of the key ICT themes was done. Discussion The results have shown that, amo ng the ICT themes that should be viewed as the school material, digital literacy, informational systems and human communication in ICT should be listed. Introduction: Nature of the Problem There is no secret that with the advent of information technologies, the landscape of communication, business and media has changed radically. Information technology has leaked into very single area and aspect of people’s lives, and it has become crucial to learn to use these changes to people’s advantage; for instance, ICT teaching can shed some light on mobile learning (El-Hussein Cronge, 2010). However, introducing ICT into the school curriculum is fraught with numerous difficulties. Statement of Purpose, Scope and General Method The purpose of the given paper is to define the themes of ICT that should be taught to students at school, as well as the methods for teaching the aforementioned themes. Seeing how the given topic is rather broad, the scope of the paper will concern the themes that can be taught to high school and college students. As for the research method, the principle of grounded theory is going to be used in order to design the basic patterns for teaching ICT. The principle of grounded theory is going to be the key method. Hypothesis Because of the opportunities in terms of technology and communication that ICT opens in front of teachers and students, it is most reasonable to use ICT as the means to accomplish such goals as the shift from an old to a relatively new teaching paradigm (EACEA, 2009, 14), more opportunities for teacher education (UNESCO, 2005, 55 55) and professional development (EACEA, 2009, 14), more efficient classroom management (EACEA, 2009, 14), better cooperation between schools (EACEA, 2009, 14) and availability of the necessary equipment (EACEA, 2009, 14). The given goals can be achieved by introducing such topics as research and e-awareness, communication, control and science, modeling and simulation and handling data.A dvertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Methods As it has been stressed above, the principles of the grounded research were used in the course of defining the key ICT themes to be taught in schools. The key characteristics of a good ICT lesson are going to be defined and most reasonable and efficient strategies for teaching ICT are going to be distinguished. Finally, the challenges regarding ICT teaching at schools will be outlines, and basic means of addressing these challenges will be provided. Results Results and Original Hypothesis An efficient use of interactive materials is a good method of introducing students to the opportunities provided by the ICT, (Eurydice, 2011, 10). The given approach is crucial in that it allows for demonstrating students the benefits of the ICT in a very graphic way. More to the point, the given method helps students apply the acquired skills to practice immediately after these skills were learned, as it was done in Malaysian schools in 2002 (Chan, 2002, 2). The third option that teachers have in terms of methods of teaching ICT to students in schools is to utilize such strategies as project-based learning, personalized learning, individualized, or student-centered, learning, scientific investigations and online learning (Eurydice, 2011, 43). The given methods are equally important, since, though having seemingly different characteristics, they are all targeted at the same goal, i.e., developing students’ independence in the use of ICT. The issue regarding classroom management should also be brought up. As ESEA report says, classroom management process becomes considerably easier with the introduction of the ICT technologies, which allows both students and teachers to focus on the class activities and, therefore, creates the most appropriate learning and teaching environment. Trends Discussion ICT helps students in their meta-cognition process. Phelps and Graham’s study shows that the integration of ICT into meta-cognition process led to rather fruitful results in fourteen schools (Phelps Graham, 2008, 129). At certain points, the goals of ICT studying and meta-cognition cross – both are aimed at helping students recognize the necessity to engage in lifelong learning and choose the best method for self-learning. As Shannon (2008) put it, it is possible â€Å"to become a self-directed learner using metacognition† (Shannon, 2008, 14). Seeing how ICT allows for encouraging self-learning in students (Eurydice, 2011, 43), it seems reasonable to use meta-cognition strategies as the basis for teaching ICT in schools.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Teaching ICT at School: Reasons, Concerns and Solutions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, ICT clearly affects the teachers’ competence and pro fessionalism as well. ICT provides a plethora of opportunities for professional growth, including fast acquisition of new information, cooperation with other experts and availability of a number of training programs. The last but definitely not the least, such function of ICT as a better control over the technological aspect of the lesson helps teachers focus on the communication with students rather than managing equipment. Finally, more efficient time management is also an obvious advantage. Discussion It would be wrong to claim that there are no tangible problems concerning teaching ICT in schools. To start with, the changes to the curriculum that the inclusion of ICT classes demand is most likely trigger considerable organizational issues, especially regarding time management. According to the data provided above, in most cases, the introduction of the ICT studies came at the cost of other subjects. Therefore, when providing students with a chance to learn using the ICT technolo gy, one must make the required changes to the curriculum and the rest of the classes. To solve the aforementioned issue, it will be most reasonable to apply the principle of online teaching mentioned above. The given approach allows for students to have a more flexible schedule and to choose the time management system that they prefer and that suits them best. Thus, the following themes must be presented in the ICT curriculum: Research and e-awareness; Communication; Control and science; Modeling and simulation; Handling data. Of all the themes mentioned above, the issue regarding research and e-awareness seems the most important one. It allows for both motivating students for learning more and becoming independent in their research. Therefore, the given theme must be the course priority. Conclusion With the advent of information and computing technologies, people’s social, personal and, most importantly, academic life has changed greatly. While the new options opened for s tudents seem rather alluring, including ICT into the school curriculum might be quite a problem.Advertising Looking for assessment on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In order to avoid the possible issues, it is necessary to choose the strategy that will allow teachers to supervise students instead of babysitting them in their ICT exploration. Thus, students will have an opportunity to both learn to use ICT efficiently and to become lifelong learners. Reference List Chan, F. M. (2002). ICT in Malaysian schools: Policy and strategies. Retrieved from http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan011288.pdf EACEA (2009). Study of the impact of technology in primary schools. Retrieved from http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/llp/studies/documents/study_impact_technology_primary_school/brochure291009_en.pdf El-Hussein, M. O. M., Cronje, J. C. (2010). Defining mobile learning in the higher education Landscape. Educational Technology Society, 13(3), 12–21. Eurydice (2011). Key Data on Learning and Innovation through ICT at School in Europe 2011. Retrieved from http://eacea.ec.europa.eu/education/eurydice/documents/key_data_series/129E N.pdf Phelps, R. Graham, A. (2008). Developing technology together, together: A whole-school metacognitive approach to ICT teacher professional development. Journal of Computing in Teacher Education, 24(4), 125–133. UNESCO (2005). ICTs for secondary education. Retrieved from http://iite.unesco.org/pics/publications/en/files/3214640.pdf

Product market cyclicality exerts a powerful influence on a car Essay - 1

Product market cyclicality exerts a powerful influence on a car assembler's sales, value added, cash flow and profit performanc - Essay Example Marketing strategies are guided by the product life cycle stages. This is because as a product moves through its life cycle, competition, pricing, distribution, promotion, and market information strategies need periodic evaluations and alterations. The life cycle of a product begins prior to the product’s entry to the market. It involves the introduction, growth, maturity, and decline phases. 1. Introductory phase. This phase begins when a product is introduced in to the market for the first time. Initial sales for a product are usually rather small, and a high percentage of products characterise this phase. The product however receives approval from its producers followed by purchases from early adopters. â€Å"Satisfaction, reinforced by marketing communication, leads to repurchasing and, as soon as sales increase further, the product exits this phase† (Cant, Strydom, Jooste, and Du Plessis, 2006, p.242). 2. Growth phase. During this phase, sales in the target market grow mainly as a result of purchases by many early consumers, and increase in repurchasing. Greater force is impacted to the demand for the product, as competitors with similar products enter the target market. 3. Maturity phase. This phase is characterised by levelling of a product’s sales growth and demand. Additional competitors with similar products enter the target market. ... 4. Decline phase. During this phase, a rapid decline is experienced in sales and the target market. As a result of this, marketers may exclude some products from the product line, to remove products that do not earn profits. The product life cycle is very significant since it helps in the development of new products. This is because through a developed product, management is able to gain knowledge on how to develop a new product, or improve an existing product. It also helps in profit prediction, since the amount of profits depends on the amount of turnover. Therefore’ â€Å"the management can well predict the firm’s profits in different stages of the life-cycle of the product† (Bose, 2010, p.70). With good knowledge of the product life cycle, it is possible to prepare marketing programmes. This is necessary in order to highlight the different policies, procedures, and strategies needed to be applied at the different phases of a product life cycle. Influence of t he Product Market Cycle on Car Assembler’s Sales Sales and profitability of cars just like other products vary at every phase of their life cycle. By being aware about the market cycle of cars, car assemblers are able to take better advantage of their market positions on motor vehicle sales. Good knowledge of the car life cycles provides crucial indicators to car assemblers on when to launch new cars, when to move to new markets, and when to diversify their car models. This is because through the car life cycle, car assemblers are able to analyse categories of cars, their forms, brands and models. In recent times, there has been a move towards the manufacture and assembly of environmental friendly vehicles. Such vehicles have very little impact on the environment and are

The case of the aids patient with Pneumonia Essay

The case of the aids patient with Pneumonia - Essay Example HIV attacks any cell with this binding structure. The white blood cells or T cells of the immune system, which coordinate disease-fighting mechanisms, are especially vulnerable to HIV attack. Of these certain T cells known as CD4 cells are most vulnerable. While infecting a CD4 cell, the HIV utilizes the genetic tools within the cell to replicate itself and then leaves the cell, destroying it in the process. Medical treatment cannot eradicate HIV once it has integrated into human cells. Reduction in the number of CD4 cells exposes a person to all infections as these cells assist other types of immune cells to respond to invading organisms. There are about a1, 000 CD4 cells per micro liter of blood in an average healthy person. The HIV destroys CD4 cells over a period of time, diminishing the cells' protective ability and weakening the immune system. The infected person becomes exposed to nearly 26 infections and rare cancers, which take advantage of the weakened immune defenses to cause disease when this density reduces to 200 cells per micro liter of blood (AIDS). Retroviruses were known as RNA tumor viruses as they have RNA and not DNA, genomes. These were known to cause certain cancers in animals. Howard Temin, in the middle of the twentieth century, studied them and discovered the genetic-like stability of the uncontrolled cell growth caused by these viruses. He proposed the provirus hypothesis, in which RNA tumor viruses cause permanent alterations to cells by integrating into host chromosomes, by virion RNAs which first convert into DNAs and then become integrated (Reverse Transcriptase). HIV infection occurs when a person comes into contact with blood, semen, vaginal secretions or breast milk infected with this virus. It is acquired by having sexual relations with an infected person, using hypodermic needles or by the pricking with an infected needle and by the transfer of the virus from an infected mother to her baby during pregnancy, childbirth, or breast-feeding (AIDS). Jerry is suffering from PCP, a kind of pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii (p. carinii). This afflicts People with weak immune systems. It's the most common serious infection in people with advanced HIV disease in the United States. (Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia (PCP) and HIV). "Pneumocystis pneumonia is caused by P. carinii, a fungus formerly considered to be a protozoan. Its fungal classification is based in part on 16S ribosomal RNA similarities to fungi, particularly ascomycetes, with spore cases. Its staining with the Gomori methenamine silver stain for fungi also supports its new class ification"(Warnock. 1999). Hence the blood cultures will be negative for bacteria and antibiotics will be of no avail. Surgeons are at the greatest risk of contact with patients' blood and body fluids. Hence, breaches in gloving material are to be avoided. In a study it was found that 17.4% of the surgeons had skin abrasions. 32glove perforations were observed, of which 22were in the outer glove and 10in the inner glove. Only four outer glove perforations had matching inner glove perforations, thus indicating that in 82% of cases when the outer glove is perforated the inner glove will protect the surgeon's hand from contamination. It is recommended that double gloves are used routinely in all surgical procedures in view of the significantly higher protection it

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Example for Free

Interpreter of Maladies Essay Throughout life, people are faced with many obstacles, but one of the main things for people to do is adapt to the obstacles and learn how to move through and around them. Individuals have to change in order to adapt to the life around them, but there are times when it is too difficult for some to change. Some may experience immense trauma and find it difficult to move on from things whilst others find it hard to come to terms with new life. No matter what people are forced to do things that they may not want to do, but they have to choose whether to adapt to these changes, or suffer the consequences. Being able to adapt in life is an important skill as people are faced with having to change daily. However, some individuals do not have the skills required to adapt, or they have been through traumatic experiences that inhibit that ability to adapt. Shoba and Shukumar in the story â€Å"A Temporary Matter† are faced with a horrific ordeal which forces them to adapt to new life, this however, does not turn out the way they had planned and they eventually split up from not being able to fully adapt and accept the changes â€Å"they’d been through enough† and Shoba â€Å"needed some time alone†, their relationship eventually dissolves. A similar thing happened to Mrs Sen in â€Å"Mrs Sen’s. † She was forced to adapt to a new country and learn their way of life, this although, proves to be too difficult for Mrs Sen as she was unable to successfully learn how to drive â€Å"I hate it. I hate driving. I won’t go on. † Mrs Sen just ends up frustrated and defeated. Her main challenge was her inability to adapt to a new culture as she was living in her past, constantly trying to mix the two cultures together. This turns out unsuccessful as well as she finds people in her new home, treat her as if she was strange, â€Å"an old woman on the bus kept watching them† the people around Mrs Sen felt uncomfortable at times which made it even more difficult for Mrs Sen to adapt and change to the new community and life around her. Mrs Sen chooses to retreat into her past, something that she is comfortable and familiar with, â€Å"she pulled the blade out of the cupboard, spread newspapers across the carpet, and inspected her treasures. † The fish to her is safe and brings her back to ‘better times’ in her life, when she was happy. In some ways, people are better at some things than others, adaptability is one. In â€Å"This Blessed House† Sanjeev had to adapt to the situation he was faced with; either taking away the religious icons and upsetting his wife, or putting up with them, just so he could please her. Although Sanjeev was able to accept Twinkles fascination with the icons in the end and let her indulge herself with keeping them around the house â€Å"for the rest of their days together she would keep it on the mantel†, he had a hard time coming to terms with it. People tend to struggle with new challenges, but some are able to overcome that struggle, such as Sanjeev. This idea is also borne out by â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† as the narrator in the story struggles with the changes in his life when he first moves, but he eventually learns a routine and adapts choosing to use the same pattern over and over again as it becomes safe and familiar, he ate â€Å"cornflakes and milk, morning and night† which was easy for him. When moving into Mrs Croft’s house, he had to adapt again, learning her environment and how things worked in her house, â€Å"fasten the chain and firmly press that button on the knob! This is the first thing you will do when you enter. † He not only had to adapt to his external environment but his internal environment as well. Mrs Croft would always expect the same from him whenever they spoke, always waiting for him to respond with â€Å"Splendid! † after her remarks. An ongoing quality for the narrator in â€Å"The Third and Final Continent† is that he had to adapt to many things, including an arranged marriage. He had to adapt to a new person coming into his life and living with him for the rest of his life. This was substantiated to be difficult at first, but soon grew on him â€Å"for the first time, we looked at each other and smiled†, he welcomed her company in the end and truly loved her. If he was unable to adapt, this would not be the case. In a similar way, Miranda had many obstacles to adapt to as well. She was challenged when starting a relationship with Dev, as she had never had a physical relationship with a married man before. She struggles with this for a little while when his wife comes back, as it seems wrong when then wife is home, but she learns to adapt to not being able to go out with Dev and only being able to stay inside with him from fear of his wife seeing them. But, in the end Miranda had to adapt to a life without Dev. We are left with the thought that she is ble to move on and change into a better person as she â€Å"walked past the restaurants where Dev had kissed her,† and gazed at the â€Å"clear-blue sky,† proving to us the she has moved on from a life with Dev. In most people’s realities, they are able to pick themselves up and adapt to new changes, but there are also those rare people who struggle to do just that and it is too difficult to try and change. These people are forced to deal with other challenges in their life that they will e ventually learn to overcome. In Lahiri’s stories, she shows us that in order to succeed individuals need to be adaptable.

Equal Rights for ALL Americans Essay -- Gay Marriage, argumentative, p

Marriage has always been a sacred agreement between a man and woman. However, as times have changed, our ideas involving marriage are forced to change with the times. Our country has developed throughout the years to enforce the belief that all Americans should be granted equal rights no matter what their skin color or cultural background. Granting gays the right to marry would simply be giving all people equal rights in the issue of marriage. When it comes to the issue of gay marriage, Americans have many different views. Research shows that the majority of Americans oppose gay marriage, but when it comes to deciding who should make the laws, Americans are split in half (Bayles 6). 48% of Americans said that the federal government should make the laws and 46% say it should be left to the states (6). This information shows that the majority of Americans have strong opinions about the issue, but don’t know of any way to solve the issue (6). The controversy of gay marriage is seen even in groups who support strong marriages. Author Karen Peterson uses her article to address the issue of how gay marriage sits with the â€Å"marriage movement,† the coalition of professionals dedicated to strengthening marriages (7). This movement has successfully included pro-marriage initiatives across America and formed new high school courses on relationships (Peterson 7). Peterson finds that the â€Å"marriage movement† has many different views within itself and struggles with the question of â€Å"How can one be a proponent of marriage in general but oppose marriages between gays† (7). David Blankenhorn who is the founder of the Institute for American Values and an important member of the coalition, says that they ... ...g gay marriage is simply the next step that is necessary to support the growth and change of America’s people. Works Cited Bayles, Fred, and Andrea Stone. â€Å"Gay-marriages foes try to stop ‘activist courts.’† USA Today 25 Feb. 2014: 06a. Bennett, William. â€Å"Leave Marriage Alone.† Newsweek 3 June 1996: 27. Breslau, Karen, Brad Stone, Debra Rosenberg and Tamara Lipper. â€Å"Outlaw Vows.† Newsweek 1 Mar. 2004: 40. â€Å"Broken marriages, not gay nuptials, pose risk to kids.† USA Today 23 Feb. 2014: 18a. Peterson, Karen S. â€Å"On gays, ‘marriage movement’ is on both sides of the aisle.† USA Today 4 Aug. 2014: 07d. Dlugacz, Judy. â€Å"Same-sex marriage: Time to end the bigotry† CNBC Web 30 April 2015. http://www.cnbc.com/id/102624368 Taylor, Chris. â€Å"I Do: No You Don’t.† Time 1 Mar. 2009: 3c. â€Å"USA Today/CNN/Gallup Poll.† USA Today 24 Feb. 2014: 06d.

Facilitating the Project Lifecycle the Skills & Tools to Accelerate Progress for Project Managers, Facilitators, and Six Sigma Project Teams Essay

               One of the most important aspects to put into consideration when taking up a project is project risk management. A project risk is an event / condition, which is uncertain that, upon it occurrence brings either a positive or a negative impact on the project. A positive manager should consider this as one of the ten knowledge areas where competence is highly regarded. Risk management is critical, especially to organizations working I multi-project environments and the maturity for risk is high. A wide range of risks is apparent when working in projects involving construction among other engineering work. These risks are mostly attributed to government policy, diversity in stakeholders’ aspirations and the challenges of adding multiple projects. For a good risk management process, there must be a clear statement and understanding of roles and responsibilities, proper skills on technical analysis and the prevailing organizational factors should support th e project. Project risk management involves identifying, assessing and prioritizing of risks: and thereafter putting resources to use in order to reduce, monitor and control those risks that could affect the project negatively and increase realizing of opportunities. This report seeks to outline the knowledge acquired on management of risk in projects. Discussion               All organizations exist for their own different purposes, and that of public engineering organizations in the construction business, the purpose is to deliver a service, which brings a beneficial result in the public/ stakeholders interest. Decisions to pump resources into investments on capital infrastructure are prompted by needs that are meant to enhance the achievement of the major purpose. According to Flanagan and Norman (1993), the benefits of efficient risk management are evident especially in projects involving capital infrastructure because they are dynamic in nature and bring positive cost implications from the construction related decisions. Risk management should be taken as an intrinsic part of capital infrastructure investment decisions mainly because, as project ventures get more elaborate, the role of risk management is exemplified. In regard to this realization, some countries have enacted government policies on constructors emphasizing on th e need to incorporate risk management in capital infrastructure schemes. Risk is therefore, in many occasions, viewed as a condition or event whose occurrence will have adverse effects on the project and may hinder the attainment of set objectives. Hence, risk management relates decisions to such probable harmful effects.                  This philosophical approach to risk management enables the process to be broken down into four fundamental sub-processes. These involve identification, analysis, response and monitoring. The former step of identification is the most critical step because it has the biggest effect on decisions emanating from the process of risk management. Reviewing risk management, in his article, Williams (1995), notes that there is little structured work in publication about typical risks. According to Chapman (1998), as much as risk identification is critical on the risk assessment and response phases, very little empirical evidence is available at this early phase. The heavier task in risk management remains in the analysis and response to the risk, yet the reasoning stands that unless the risks are identified, they cannot be analyzed and responded to.                  For most engineers, the need to have a set out program is critical for it provides an umbrella under which all current projects fall so that an outcome can be delivered massively in general, and greater than the total sum of all others. A program is usually temporary, and flexible; created to direct and oversee the implementation of a set of related projects and activities for the deliverance of beneficial outcomes that relate to the organization’s strategic objectives. Several projects are undertaken under this umbrella. This explicitly differentiates between program management outcomes and project management outputs. However, there is a link between projects and strategy through the program. Risk management is becoming an increasingly important process due to external pressures in existence. However, good risk management is seen as a critical attribute of organizational success in the field of engineering. The assumption that programs are merely extensions of projects should cease to exist because many will tend to reflect program risk management to project risk management (Allan, 2008). Program management is a broad extension of the varied, yet related, projects.                  On projects, it is important to define one or more objective functions like capital expenditure and completion time to represent it to measure the probability of achieving the set targets. Risk management then goes on to model the project’s objectives against the projects variables like costs and the quantity of inputs. These variables are usually uncertain as time goes on, hence the uncertainty of a hundred percent achievement of the objectives set. The most ideal situation would be identifying and characterizing the variables in advance providing that they will remain unchanged by time. This would make it easy to estimate the possible risks and the consequent variance of the project’s objective(s). However, not all project variables can be identified as new variables might surface as the project goes on while the probability of occurrence of the initial variables may vary. The impacts of the initial variables, both positive and negative, m ay change too hence making risk management even more hard (Drummond, 1999).                     Certainty and uncertainty of realizing a project’s objectives are measurable, only ideally. The possibility of a project not breaking even could be considered as a representative of the whole project, and then used in turn to evaluate against variable and try and reduce the risks involved as well as become a basis for decision-making. Some projects may proceed normally in a stable environment, hence making the uncertainty high at the time it is conceptualized. Pro-active planning and making prudent decisions will see the uncertainty reduce. However, uncertainty in complex projects within a changing environment will not necessarily reduce/ diminish as time goes by Chapman (1998). It is necessary to keep on checking on the project’s variables and re-evaluating of the objective function’s status to facilitate adjustments in the project’s strategies. Uncertainty surrounds many parts of a project; hence early resolution of vari ables may not be possible always. Variables change over time leading to exposure to new threats and risks along the way. This fact should not be refuted and a lot of work is required in the planning evaluating phases, where most of the critical work is done. In spite of all the uncertainty and complexity surrounding risk management and project management, it is important to seek methods of improving the project’s base value (Drummond, 1999).                  Conceptualization, planning, and implementation of a project is a complex process that requires management based on set strategic objectives, which vary from time to time. The objectives should be integrative and holistic in the sense that it caters for social, political, environmental, and community aspects. Traditionally, planning in project management should form the basis of planning, alongside other functions of project management including; human resource, time, scope, integration, quality and procurement. These should be the fundamental factors f consideration along each phase. A variety of guidebooks, protocols and codes of practice in the engineering field have been made available for use in risk management in project management. In the United Kingdom, the ‘Orange book’ is a framework that is set to offer guidance on basic risk management concepts and as a resource for developing risk management processes and implementing them I the public sector. It is also aimed at using a risk based decision-making on investment. There have been many more publications and publications aimed at dictating hoe risk management should look like. These guidelines have offered a basis upon which projects are appraised and their investment viability tested. This has enhanced the process and shifted its reception and perception from project risk management to a risk management strategic level (Melton, 2011).                  In engineering and construction professions, program management and project management came to existence due to the changing procurement environment. In the United Kingdom, procurement of infrastructural assets was done in a sequential manner, which involved a clear differentiation in the project life cycle phases. Currently there are three major procurement systems, that is; prime contracting, Design and Build procurement and Private Finance Initiative. These methods were because of the need to adopt integrative and collaborative project delivery methods. The procurement systems have features like framework agreements, the use of specifications that are output based, and more importantly, emphasis on the lifelong value of the structures (Shehu and Akintoye, 2009). The office of Government Commerce has facilitated the change in construction procurement in the public sector too. The agency’s main agenda is to ensure that policies are followed and en hancing promotion of the best performance practices. These systems ensure that the project undertaken are of high quality and are in regard to the set policies and guidelines. These sanctions in the public works and construction sector have acted as strategic risk management tools for they ensure quality assurance as well as proper quality management.                  Project management should incorporate the use of a strategy-based management approach. This will facilitate the integration of planning, risk management and decision-making hence ensuring real time real time realization of an optimum of the project’s strategic objective against its variables. The project’s promoters are not always the investors. Investors are not always actively involved in the management of the project, but invest resources into the project hoping to get dividends. The promoters’ objective, on the other hand, is to deliver a facility that will ensure a long term balanced and financially viable business entity. The project is therefore a compromise between the attainment of investors’ interests and that of the community. Project development should be based on a set of strategic objectives, which stamp the project as a business and entwining project decisions to strategic business decisions. Amid all risks, the project should be planned proactively with regards to its variables and with a focus on the life cycle objective functions (Westland, 2007).                  The life cycle objective functions are functions such as: financially related functions- such as the project’s net worth, satisfaction of customers- those affected by aspects such as safety, project utility, operability, and quality, lastly, due diligence must be adhered to- that is, statutory concerns and policies should be observed especially when the project is located in highly populated areas or is adjacent or near ecological systems deemed to be sensitive (Janet & Tammy, 2005). This factor also goes hand in hand with the ethical code that is supposed to guide the execution of projects. Proactive planning of the project ensures that project uncertainty is minimized in real time. Effective risk management ensures that there is typical conceptualization of projects and their subsequent implementation using strategic objectives. It also ensures any further variables are assessed and managed accordingly to optimize the project’s strategic o utcome, that which of a business entity. Since projects are subjected to changes in objectives and variables due to external factors, it is important to incorporate a continuous risk management process that involves continuous risk and uncertainty management process conducted in real time to bring value to the project manager. Strategies made from risk analysis should be seen as a basis upon which decisions are made going forward. Objectives of the life cycle should be used as the vessel for analysis. Reflective assessment                  Engaging in exhaustive personal research and involvement of the same with groups has incapacitated adequately with sufficient knowledge on managing projects as an engineer. I have come to evolve from a mediocre project manager, thinking that technicalities were all I needed, to a project under-taker equipped with the relevant skills. Undertaking projects with my group and alone was not like undertaking them with my professor. Comparing personal projects and those done in groups, with those guided by the professor, flaws are clear to point out. In my first group project, our then project leader, whose name I will not disclose for discretion purposes, was too impulsive at times and objectives were not achieved as expected because of poor decision-making, even on the most obvious issues. The project resulted in high costs in execution unlike what had been anticipated and took longer. However, it is from the mistakes that my group and I learnt the importance of risk management in project management as an important tool to facilitate proactive planning, rather than responding to results. Another lesson learnt from that experience was the need to incorporate continuous analysis as a way of implementing risk management to ensure real time solutions. However, it is through solving these and other hurdles that the learning process in the field has been enhanced and increased my knowledge. The short yet detailed experience coupled with the many articles and critiques I have encountered have inspired me to get to want to explore more on the field by undertaking and managing more projects to experience more than I have. By initiating and overseeing projects as well as assuming responsibility for achievement of objectives and integration will boost my intuition and judgment on decision-making for future projects and for professional expertise. I know trying to venture into projects of high magnitude is a risk, but the ability to tackle the risk itself is way beyond the risk management of the process and a success would ultimately mean victory on both ends. References Allan, N., Davis, J., 2006. Strategic risks — thinking about them differently. Proceedings of ICE 159 Drummond H 1999. Are we any closer to the end Escalation and the case of Taurus? International Journal of Project Management Flanagan, R., & Norman, G. (1996). Risk management and construction. Oxford [u.a.], Blackwell Science.Means, J. A., & Adams, T. (2005). Facilitating the Project Lifecycle the Skills & Tools to Accelerate Progress for Project Managers, Facilitators, and Six Sigma Project Teams. Hoboken, John Wiley & Sons. http://www.123library.org/book_details/?id=9130. Melton, T. (2008). Real project planning developing a project delivery strategy. Amsterdam, Butterworth-Heinemann. Shehu, Z., Akintove, A., 2010. Major challenges to the successful implementation and practice of programme management in the construction environment: a critical analysis. International journal of project management Westland, J. (2007). The project management life cycle: a complete step-by-step methodology for initiating, planning, executing & closing a project successfully. Williams, T., 1995. A classified bibliography of recent research relating to project risk management. European Journal of Operational Research Source document